Õâ¸öÀàUnix²Ù×÷ϵͳ²»½ö¼ûÖ¤Á˼ÆËã»ú¼¼ÊõµÄ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬¸üÒÔÆä¿ªÔ´µÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÒýÁìÁËÒ»³¡Ç°ËùδÓеÄÈí¼þ¸ïÃü
±¾ÎĽ«´øÄú×ß½øLinuxµÄÀúÊ·³¤ºÓ£¬Ì½Ë÷Æä´Óµ®Éúµ½»Ô»ÍµÄ·Ç·²ÂóÌ
LinuxµÄµ®Éú£ºÒ»¸öÄêÇáÈ˵ÄÃÎÏë 1991Ä꣬»¥ÁªÍøÉÐδÈç½ñÌìÕâ°ãÆÕ¼°£¬´ó¶àÊýÍøÃñҪôÊÇÑо¿»ú¹¹µÄÑо¿ÈËÔ±£¬ÒªÃ´ÊÇ´óѧÀïµÄѧÉúºÍ½ÌÊÚ
ÕýÊÇÔÚÕâÑùµÄʱ´ú±³¾°Ï£¬Ò»¸öÃûΪÁÖÄÉ˹¡¤ÍÐÍß×È£¨Linus Torvalds£©µÄÄêÇá·ÒÀ¼´óѧÉú£¬ÔÚcomp.os.minixÐÂÎÅȺ×éÉÏ·¢²¼ÁËÒ»ÔòÌû×Ó£¬ÕâÔòÌû×Ó±êÖ¾×ÅLinuxµÄµ®Éú
ÍÐÍß×È×î³õµÄÄ¿±êºÜ¼òµ¥£¬ËûÖ»ÊÇÏëѧϰ²Ù×÷ϵͳÄں˵Ŀª·¢£¬²¢Îª×Ô¼ºµÄ¸öÈ˼ÆËã»ú±àдһ¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳ
Ëû½«×Ô¼º±àдµÄÄں˷¢²¼ÔÚ»¥ÁªÍøÉÏ£¬²¢¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂ룬ÕâÒ»¾Ù¶¯Ñ¸ËÙÎüÒýÁËÈ«Çò¸÷µØ³ÌÐòÔ±µÄ¹Ø×¢
ÕâЩ³ÌÐòÔ±·×·×¼ÓÈë½øÀ´£¬¹²Í¬ÍêÉÆÕâ¸öÐÂÉúµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ
Ëæ×ÅÄں˵IJ»¶ÏÍêÉÆºÍÎȶ¨£¬Ëü×îÖÕ±»ÃüÃûΪLinux£¬Õâ¸öÃû×ÖÊÇLinusºÍUnixµÄ×éºÏ£¬¼ÈÌåÏÖÁËÍÐÍß×ȵĴ´Ò⣬Ҳ±í´ïÁ˶ÔUnix´«Í³µÄÖ¾´
ÔçÆÚ·¢Õ¹£ºÉçÇøµÄÁ¦Á¿ LinuxµÄ·¢Õ¹Àë²»¿ªÆä±³ºóµÄÉçÇø
Õâ¸öÉçÇøÓÉÖ¾Ô¸Õß¡¢¿ª·¢Õß¡¢°®ºÃÕß×é³É£¬ËûÃǹ²Í¬Íƶ¯ÁËLinuxµÄ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹
1992Ä꣬Finux£¨Finland Unix£©Óû§×é³ÉÁ¢£¬ÕâÊÇLinuxÓû§×éÖ¯µÄ×îÔçÐÎʽ֮һ
ͬÄ꣬LinuxµÄµÚÒ»¸ö·¢ÐаæSlackware·¢²¼£¬ÕâÊÇÓÉÅÁÌØÀï¿Ë¡¤ÎÖ¶û·ò£¨Patrick Volkerding£©´´½¨µÄ
SlackwareÒÔÆäÎȶ¨ÐÔºÍÒ×ÓÃÐÔÓ®µÃÁË´óÁ¿Óû§µÄϲ°®£¬ÖÁ½ñÈÔÓкܶàÖÒʵÓû§
1993Ä꣬LinuxµÄµÚÒ»¸öÉÌÒµ¹«Ë¾¡ª¡ªSoftlanding Linux System£¨SLS£©³ÉÁ¢£¬ËûÃÇ·¢²¼ÁËÒ»¸ö»ùÓÚSlackwareµÄÉÌÒµ·¢Ðаæ
ͬÄ꣬Debian GNU/LinuxÏîÄ¿¿ªÊ¼£¬ÕâÊǵÚÒ»¸öÍêÈ«ÓÉÖ¾Ô¸Õß¿ª·¢µÄLinux·¢Ðа棬ÖÁ½ñÈÔÔÚ»îԾά»¤
DebianµÄ³öÏÖΪLinuxµÄ¶àÑù»¯·¢Õ¹ÌṩÁËÖØÒªÖ§³Ö£¬Ëü³ÉΪÁËÐí¶àÁ÷ÐÐLinux·¢ÐаæµÄÉÏÓη¢Ðа棬ÈçMint¡¢UbuntuµÈ
ÉÌÒµÁìÓòµÄÍ»ÆÆ£ºLinuxµÄáÈÆð Ëæ×ÅLinuxµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬ËüÔÚÉÌÒµÁìÓòµÄÓ¦ÓÃÒ²Ô½À´Ô½¹ã·º
1995Ä꣬Red Hat¹«Ë¾³ÉÁ¢£¬ËûÃÇ·¢²¼ÁËÒ»¸ö»ùÓÚRed Hat LinuxµÄÉÌÒµ·¢Ðа棬²¢Ñ¸ËÙ³ÉΪLinuxÉÌÒµÁìÓòµÄÁìÏÈÕßÖ®Ò»
ͬÄ꣬LinuxÒ²¿ªÊ¼½øÈëÕþ¸®ÁìÓò£¬µÂ¹úĽÄáºÚÊÐÕþ¸®³ÉΪµÚÒ»¸ö²ÉÓÃLinux×÷ΪÖ÷Òª²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÕþ¸®»ú¹¹
LinuxÔÚÉÌÒµÁìÓòµÄ³É¹¦£¬µÃÒæÓÚÆä¸ß¶ÈµÄ°²È«ÐÔ¡¢Îȶ¨ÐԺͿɿ¿ÐÔ
Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¹«Ë¾¿ªÊ¼¿´µ½LinuxµÄÉÌҵDZÁ¦£¬²¢¿ªÊ¼Í¶È뿪·¢ºÍÖ§³ÖLinux
ÕâЩ¹«Ë¾°üÀ¨Red Hat¡¢SUSE¡¢CanonicalµÈ£¬ËûÃDz»½öÌṩÁ˷ḻµÄLinux·¢Ðа棬»¹ÎªLinuxµÄÆÕ¼°ºÍ·¢Õ¹×ö³öÁËÖØÒª¹±Ï×
¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂëµÄÐËÆð£ºLinuxµÄÒýÁì 1998Ä꣬Open Source Initiative£¨OSI£©³ÉÁ¢£¬ËûÃÇ·¢²¼ÁË¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂëµÄ¶¨ÒåºÍÈÏÖ¤±ê×¼£¬Õâ¶ÔÓÚÍÆ¹ã¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂëÔ˶¯ºÍ±£»¤¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂëÈí¼þµÄºÏ·¨È¨ÒæÆðµ½ÁËÖØÒªµÄ×÷ÓÃ
Linux×÷Ϊ¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂëµÄµä·¶£¬²»½öÍÆ¶¯ÁË¿ªÔ´ÎÄ»¯µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬»¹¼¤·¢ÁËÎÞÊý´´ÐÂÏîÄ¿µÄµ®Éú
LinuxµÄ¿ªÔ´ÌØÐÔʹµÃÈκÎÈ˶¼¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÓɵػñÈ¡ÆäÔ´´úÂë¡¢Ð޸ĴúÂëºÍÖØÐ·¢²¼
ÕâÖÖ¿ª·ÅºÍÐ×÷µÄ¾«Éñ£¬²»½ö´Ù½øÁËLinux¼¼ÊõµÄ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬»¹ÅàÑøÁËÒ»´óÅúÓÅÐãµÄ¿ªÔ´¿ª·¢Õß
ÕâЩ¿ª·¢Õßͨ¹ý»¥ÁªÍø½»Á÷¡¢·ÖÏí´úÂëºÍ¾Ñ飬¹²Í¬Íƶ¯ÁËLinuxÉú̬ϵͳµÄ·±ÈÙ
LinuxµÄ¹ã·ºÓ¦Ó㺴ӷþÎñÆ÷µ½È˹¤ÖÇÄÜ ½øÈë21ÊÀ¼Í£¬LinuxµÄ·¢Õ¹ÓÀ´ÁËеĸ߳±
ÔÚ·þÎñÆ÷ÁìÓò£¬Linuxƾ½èÆä¸ß¶ÈµÄ°²È«ÐÔ¡¢Îȶ¨ÐԺͿɿ¿ÐÔ£¬³ÉΪÁËÐí¶à¹«Ë¾µÄÊ×Ñ¡²Ù×÷ϵͳ
Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆóÒµ²ÉÓÃLinux×÷ΪËûÃǵķþÎñÆ÷²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÒÔÖ§³ÖÆäÒµÎñµÄ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹
ÔÚÒÆ¶¯ÁìÓò£¬LinuxÒ²Õ¹ÏÖ³öÁËÇ¿´óµÄÉúÃüÁ¦
2007Ä꣬Google·¢²¼ÁË»ùÓÚLinuxÄں˵ÄAndroid²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÕâÒ»¾Ù´ëѸËٸıäÁËÒÆ¶¯²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¸ñ¾Ö
Androidƾ½èÆä¿ª·ÅÐԺͷḻµÄÓ¦ÓÃÉú̬£¬³ÉΪÁË×îÁ÷ÐеÄÒÆ¶¯²Ù×÷ϵͳ֮һ
´ËÍ⣬ÆäËûµÄLinux·¢ÐаæÒ²¿ªÊ¼ÔÚÒÆ¶¯ÁìÓòո¶ͷ½Ç£¬ÈçUbuntu Touch¡¢Firefox OSµÈ
Ëæ×ÅÔÆ¼ÆËãºÍÈ˹¤ÖÇÄܵÄÐËÆð£¬LinuxÔÚÕâЩÁìÓòÒ²µÃµ½Á˹㷺µÄÓ¦ÓÃ
Ðí¶àÔÆ¼ÆËãÆ½Ì¨ÈçAmazon Web Services¡¢Microsoft Azure¡¢Google Cloud PlatformµÈ¶¼»ùÓÚLinux£¬ËüÃÇΪÆóÒµºÍ¸öÈËÌṩÁ˸ßЧ¡¢Îȶ¨¡¢°²È«µÄÔÆ¼ÆËã·þÎñ
ÔÚÈ˹¤ÖÇÄÜÁìÓò£¬LinuxÒ²ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ֮һ£¬ÒòΪËü¾ßÓи߶ȵĿɶ¨ÖÆÐÔ¡¢¿ÉÀ©Õ¹ÐԺͿɿ¿ÐÔ£¬¿ÉÒÔÂú×ãÈ˹¤ÖÇÄÜÓ¦ÓöÔÓÚ¸ßÐÔÄܼÆËãºÍÊý¾Ý´¦ÀíµÄÐèÇó
½áÓLinuxµÄδÀ´ÎÞÏÞ¿ÉÄÜ »Ø¹ËLinuxµÄÀúÊ·£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÄÑ·¢ÏÖ£¬Õâ¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳ֮ËùÒÔÄܹ»È¡µÃÈç´Ë»Ô»ÍµÄ³É¾Í£¬Àë²»¿ªÆä¿ªÔ´µÄÌØÐÔ¡¢ÉçÇøµÄÁ¦Á¿ÒÔ¼°²»¶Ï´´Ðµľ«Éñ
LinuxµÄ³É¹¦²»½öÊÇÒ»¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ³É¹¦£¬¸üÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ª·Å¡¢×ÔÓɺÍÐ×÷µÄÉçÇøµÄ³É¹¦
Õ¹ÍûδÀ´£¬LinuxµÄ·¢Õ¹Ç°¾°ÒÀÈ»¹ãÀ«
Ëæ×ż¼ÊõµÄ²»¶Ï½ø²½ºÍÓ¦Óó¡¾°µÄ²»¶ÏÍØÕ¹£¬Linux½«ÔÚ¸ü¶àÁìÓò·¢»ÓÖØÒª×÷ÓÃ
ÎÞÂÛÊÇ·þÎñÆ÷¡¢Òƶ¯¡¢ÔƼÆË㻹ÊÇÈ˹¤ÖÇÄÜ£¬Linux¶¼½«ÒÔÆä¶ÀÌØµÄÓÅÊÆºÍÎÞÏÞµÄDZÁ¦£¬¼ÌÐøÒýÁì×ÅÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹³±Á÷
LinuxµÄÀúÊ·ÊÇÒ»²¿³äÂú´«ÆæºÍ´´ÐµÄÊ·Ê«£¬Ëü¼ûÖ¤Á˼ÆËã»ú¼¼ÊõµÄ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬Ò²¼ûÖ¤ÁË¿ªÔ´ÎÄ»¯µÄáÈÆð
ÔÚÕâ¸ö³äÂúÌôÕ½ºÍ»úÓöµÄʱ´ú£¬Linux½«¼ÌÐøÒÔÆä¿ª·Å¡¢×ÔÓɺÍÐ×÷µÄ¾«Éñ£¬Êéд×ÅÊôÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ»Ô»ÍƪÕÂ